OOTW ANALYSIS TASKS

The tasks that were identified as needing analytical support have been grouped into seven stages. The stages are defined as, "non-mission-related," "mission definition and analysis," "C3I," "mobilization/deployment," "force employment," "sustainment," and "redeployment," are retained. The C3I tasks take place throughout the mission and, consequently, are grouped together. Tasks not requiring analytical support or that are currently sufficiently supported analytically are omitted. Associated elements from the UJTL are shown for each task. The "SN," "ST" and "OP" of the UJTL numbers identifies the tasks as strategic national, strategic theater or operational, respectively. Italicized entries are additions proposed in this document to meet the needs of OOTWs.

NON-MISSION-RELATED ANALYSIS

This stage includes activities that are conducted at the National Command Authority (NCA), at the Services and at the CINC level. This stage consists of non-mission-related analyses relating to OOTWs, such as maintaining a watch for potential crises and determining what forces the United States requires to accomplish the national strategy.

• Provide instability forecast, impact forecast (psycho-social), task # 1.1: Forecast the regions of potential instability, the predicted dates, the related probabilities, and the nature of the instabilities. Forecast the impact of various actions, both those intended to be remedial and otherwise.
  • SN 5.1.4 Monitor worldwide strategic situation
  • SN 5.2 Reassess worldwide and regional strategic environment
  • ST 2.4.1.3 Produce instability forecast for theater area of interest
  • ST 2.4.1.4 Produce impact forecast for proposed plans
  • ST 2.4.2.1 Provide theater strategic indications and warnings
  • OP 2.4.2.1 Develop indications and warnings
• Estimate cost of operations, task # 1.2: Estimate the cost of operations, including both direct and indirect costs.
  • SN 1.1 Determine transportation infrastructure and resources
  • SN 4 Provide sustainment
  • SN 5.3 Determine national military strategic direction
  • SN 7 Conduct force development
  • ST 5.3.1.5 Estimate cost of mission

MISSION DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS

This stage includes activities that are conducted at the National Command Authority (NCA) and the CINC level in deciding whether a mission should be undertaken and in preparing for a mission. This stage also includes non-mission-related analyses relating to OOTWs, such as maintaining a watch for potential crises.

• Develop mission, MOEs, etc., task # 2.1: Develop the proposed mission and its elements and the MOEs necessary for evaluating the progress of the mission.
  • ST 5.3.2.1 Identify firm mission elements and elements in flux
  • OP 5.3.1.1 Develop mission
  • OP 5.3.1.2 Develop MOEs for mission
• Determine ROEs, task # 2.2: Determine the appropriate ROEs for the proposed mission and its elements under various potential situations.
  • ST 5.4.1 Issue theater strategic operations plans, orders and ROE
  • OP 5.4.3 Provide rules of engagement
• Define end-state, transition criteria, task # 2.3: Define the mission end-state and the nature of the transition to be carried out at mission end. Define the criteria for the elements of the transition.
  • ST 5.3.2.2 Identify transition criteria
  • OP 5.3.3 Determine operational end state
  • OP 5.5.5 Establish command transition criteria and procedures
• Determine force structure, heavy vs light forces, weapons mix, CS and CSS elements, task # 2.4: Determine the appropriate force structure for the mission. This force includes forces needed to open and maintain LOCs, as well as the employment force.
  • ST 7.1.6.1 Determine force structure, heavy vs light forces, weapons mix
• Determine force mix, task # 2.5: Determine the mix of active and reserve forces required to accomplish the mission, the service mix (including Coast Guard), the coalition forces mix based on task allocations. The decisions of this task are also conditioned on the range of expected contributions by civilian organizations, including NGO/PVOs.
  • ST 7.1.6.2 Determine active/reserve mix to meet force requirements, to include tailoring
• Estimate readiness, task # 2.6: Estimate the readiness of U.S. military forces, U.S. agency elements, and coalition elements to perform the mission.
  • ST 7.2.1 Maintain and report force readiness
  • OP 2.3.3.4 Estimate readiness
• Evaluate risks and do 'worst case' analysis/gaming, task # 2.7: Evaluate the risks of mission failure, both as to failure modes and severity. Perform analysis/gaming to identify worst case results.
  • ST 2.4.1.5 Evaluate risks and 'worst case'
• Estimate robustness of mission success to changes in assumptions, task # 2.8: Estimate the probabilities of mission success associated with likely geo-political and operational events, conditioned on the major alternatives in the scenario/situation.
  • ST 5.3.1.4 Estimate probability of mission success
  • OP 5.3.1.3 Estimate probability of success

C3I

This stage consists of activities that cross several or all stages. In addition to the command, control, communications, and intelligence activities of C3I, the coordination and information (gathering, maintaining and dissemination) activities are included.

• Create command arrangements, span of control, task # 3.1: Define the relationships among the military, government agencies, coalition forces, and NGOs/PVOs.
  • ST 5.4.3.1 Augment the joint force staff
  • ST 5.4.3.2 Activate theater boards, committees and cells
  • OP 5.5.1.1 Establish command arrangements and span of control
• Develop COAs, task # 3.2: Develop courses of action. COAs are prepared at all levels and for all phases of a mission, from mission definition through analysis of redeployment alternatives.
  • OP 5.3.4 Develop courses of action/prepare staff estimates
• Perform staff estimates, task # 3.3: Prepare staff estimates.
  • OP 5.3.4 Develop courses of action/prepare staff estimates
• Evaluate COAs, task # 3.4: Analyze and compare courses of action.
  • OP 5.3.5 Analyze courses of action
  • OP 5.3.6 Compare courses of action
  • OP 5.3.7 Select or modify course of action
• Maintain MOEs, including probability of mission success and end-state status, task # 3.5: Maintain current values for each of the mission MOEs on the appropriate periodic basis, whether daily, weekly, or monthly.
  • OP 5.2.1.1 Maintain up-to-date values for MOEs, probability of success and end-state status
• Monitor situation and provide feedback, task # 3.6: Monitor the situation and provide feedback to all necessary parties.
  • ST 5.1.1 Communicate strategic and operational decisions and information
  • ST 5.2.1 Review current situation
  • OP 5.1.1 Communicate operational information
  • OP 5.2.1 Review current situation (project branches)
• Activate JTF, task # 3.7: Define the needed structure for the JTF and activate it.
  • OP 5.5 Establish a joint task force
• Establish liaisons/CMOC, task # 3.8: Establish the CMOC. Establish liaisons with government agencies and NGOs/PVOs.
  • ST 8.2.10 Coordinate multinational operations within area of responsibility (AOR)
  • ST 8.2.11 Cooperate with and support nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in AOR
  • ST 8.2.12 Cooperate with and support private voluntary organizations (PVOs) in AOR
  • OP 4.7.2 Coordinate and provide civil-military operations (CMO) support in theater of operations/joint operations area (JOA)
  • OP 5.5.2 Develop joint force liaison structure
• Design, install communications, task # 3.9: Design and install the communications systems, including non-standard communications with other government agencies, coalition forces, host government, and NGOs/PVOs.
  • ST 5.1 Operate and manage communications and information systems
  • OP 5.1 Acquire and communicate operational level information
• Perform intelligence collection and ISR, task # 3.10: Define Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) needs and collect information and intelligence to support the mission, including information concerning threat, friendly and neutral elements and environmental information. Plan for ISR dissemination to a variety of non-DOD recipients.
  • ST 2.1 Plan and direct theater strategic intelligence activities [add emphasis on political and social situations, animosities, etc.]
  • ST 2.2 Collect theater strategic information
  • OP 2.1 Determine and direct operational intelligence activities
  • OP 2.2 Collect operational information
• Establish cultural awareness, task # 3.11: Establish and maintain awareness of significant cultural issues.
  • OP 2.4.1.5 Establish cultural awareness
• Establish red teams, task # 3.12: Establish teams to think as opposition forces, providing realistic opposing courses of action.
  • OP 2.3.3.1 Develop enemy operational intentions
• Perform METT-T analysis, task # 3.13: Perform complete Mission, Enemy, Troops, Terrain/Weather and Time Available (METT-T) analysis. The term "enemy" may refer to natural factors such as erupting volcanos when appropriate. Troops may refer to non- military and friendly non-U.S. personnel. The definition of terrain/weather is extended to cover the general environment, including the geopolitical situation.
  • OP 5.3.1.4 METT-T
• Identify centers of gravity, task # 3.14: Identify locations at which minimal actions will produce maximal results, both desirable and undesirable.
  • OP 2.4.1.3 Identify centers of gravity
• Estimate threat, task # 3.15: Estimate the nature and severity of threats to mission success.
  • ST 2.4.1.1 Identify theater issues and threats
  • ST 2.4.1.2 Determine enemy's theater strategic capabilities
  • OP 2.4.1.1 Identify operational issues and threats
  • OP 2.4.1.2 Determine enemy's operational capabilities and course of action
• Support media / public affairs, task # 3.16: Provide media and public affairs support.
  • ST 5.6 Provide public affairs in theater
  • OP 5.8 Provide public affairs in theater of operations/JOA
• Execute PSYOPs, task # 3.17: Conduct psychological activities (both benign and offensive) to induce desired actions.
  • ST 3.2.2.1 Conduct theater psychological activities
  • ST 5.5 Employ theater-wide command and control warfare [PSYOPs]
  • OP 3.2.2.1 Employ PSYOP in theater of operations/JOA

MOBILIZATION/DEPLOYMENT

These activities include the movement activities.

• Initiate appropriate reserve call-up, task # 4.1: Determine what reserves are needed and request call-up where appropriate. This task requires maintenance of information on immediate availability of reserves and availability of active service time.
  • ST 7.1.1 Provide operations plans (OPLANs) for mobilization and deployment planning and execution
• Determine deployment timing, task # 4.2: Determine the sequence of arrival (at destination) by units required to accomplish the mission and provide security.
  • ST 7.1.3.1 Determine deployment timing
• Determine deployment priorities, task # 4.3: Determine deployment priorities (considering entire transport chain to destination) to resolve bottlenecks.
  • ST 7.1.3.2 Determine deployment priorities
• Determine transport capabilities, task # 4.4: Determine availabilities and capabilities of the transport resources (both inter- and intra-theater) needed to accomplish the mission, including any transport needed for other agencies, coalition partners, and NGOs/PVOs.
  • ST 1.1.1.1 Determine transport capabilities
• Activate HAST, task # 4.5: Define and activate the HAST.
  • OP 2.2.2.1 Activate HAST
• Activate CMOC, task # 4.6: Determine a suitable location and activate the CMOC.
  • OP 4.7.2 Coordinate and provide CMO support in theater of operations/JOA

FORCE EMPLOYMENT

This stage concerns the active use of the forces defined in the previous stage. Note, however, that only analysis activities are included. Standard employment activities are outside the scope of this study.

• Establish LOCs, task # 5.1: Establish the lines of communication (LOCs).
  • ST 6.2.5.3 Secure and protect theater air, land and sea LOCs
  • OP 6.5.4 Protect and secure air, land and sea LOCs in theater of operations/JOA
• Protect forces, task # 5.2: Ensure adequate protection of all forces, including other agencies, coalition forces, and NGO/PVOs.
  • OP 6.2 Provide protection for operational forces, means and noncombatants
• Allocate and station forces, task # 5.3: Determine optimal allocation and stationing of forces.
  • OP 1.2.3 Concentrate forces in theater of operations/JOA
• Assess casualties and perform medical treatment analyses, task # 5.4: Analyze casualty and medical treatment data to support COA development and MOE assessment.
  • Manage flow of casualties in theater of operations/JOA
  • Manage health services resources in theater of operations/JOA
• Identify infrastructure improvement requirements, task # 5.5: Identify infrastructure improvements needed to conduct the mission and needed under the humanitarian or nation assistance aspects of the mission.
  • OP 2.4.1.4 Identify infrastructure improvement requirements
• Support humanitarian operations, task # 5.6: Support all aspects of humanitarian operations as called for in the mission.
  • ST 8.2.2 Conduct civil affairs in theater
  • ST 8.2.3 Coordinate disaster relief
  • ST 8.2.4 Provide humanitarian assistance
  • ST 8.2.5 Provide nation assistance support
  • ST 8.2.6 Provide military civic action assistance
  • ST 8.2.7 Assist in restoration of order
  • OP 4.7.2.1 Support humanitarian operations
• Evaluate potential use of force, task # 5.7: Evaluate the need for force, whether lethal or non-lethal.
  • ST 3.1.1 Select strategic targets in the theater for attack
  • OP 3.1.3 Develop operational targets
  • OP 3.1.4 Prioritize high payoff targets
• Rehearse missions, task # 5.8: Provide for mission rehearsal.
  • OP 4.4.5.1 Conduct mission rehearsals
• Perform interdictions, raids, stings, infiltration, etc., task # 5.9: Perform military contingency operations in cooperation with government agencies, host government, or coalition forces as appropriate.
  • OP 1.2.4.3 Conduct forcible entry: airborne, amphibious and air assaults
  • OP 1.2.4.5 Conduct raids in JOA
  • OP 1.2.4.7 Conduct direct actions in JOA
  • OP 1.4.2 Plan and execute quarantine/embargo
  • OP 1.4.3 Plan and execute blockade

SUSTAINMENT

This stage includes the analysis activities required to support the sustainment of the force.

• Balance tooth to tail ratio, task # 6.1: Maintain the desirable ratio of combat, combat support, and combat service support forces, given the needs of all parties in the mission.
  • ST 7.1.3.3 Determine tooth to tail ratio
  • OP 1.1.3.1 Maintain tooth to tail ratio
• Perform logistics planning/resupply, task # 6.2: Provide adequate logistics and supply for all mission forces and to support humanitarian mission needs.
  • ST 4.3.2 Provide supplies and services for theater forces
  • OP 4.5.2 Establish priorities and supply operational forces
• Provide transport support, task # 6.3: Provide transportation support for mission forces, including appropriate NGOs/PVOs and media personnel.
  • ST 4.3.1 Provide movement services within area of responsibility (AOR)
  • OP 4.5.1 Provide for movement services in theater of operations/JOA
• Provide engineering support, task # 6.4: Provide engineering support needed for mission accomplishment and humanitarian and nation assistance elements of the mission.
  • ST 4.4.2 Provide civil-military engineering in theater
  • OP 4.6.2 Provide civil-military engineering
• Provide medical support, task # 6.5: Provide medical support to mission forces and to accomplish humanitarian mission elements.
  • ST 4.2.2 Provide heath services
  • OP 4.4.3 Provide health services in theater of operations/JOA
• Provide joint/interagency/coalition support, task # 6.6: Provide needed support to all parts of the mission forces, as required.
  • ST 8.2.1 Conduct security assistance activities
  • ST 8.5 Coordinate and integrate regional interagency activities
  • OP 4.7.3 Provide support to DOD and other government agencies
  • OP 4.7.5 Coordinate politico-military support
• Provide indigenous/client/refugee support, task # 6.7: Provide support to ensure the safety of civilians. This includes location tracking.
  • ST 8.4.3 Support evacuation of noncombatants from theater
  • OP 4.6.4 Provide law enforcement and prisoner control
  • OP 4.7.2.2 Provide indigenous/client/refugee support

REDEPLOYMENT

This stage concentrates on mission completion or change.

• Determine priorities: effectiveness vs availability/feasibility, task # 7.1: Determine redeployment priorities, comparing effectiveness in current and future tasks against the availability or feasibility of alternative options. This includes consideration for rotation of troops.
  • ST 7.1.4.1 Determine redeployment priorities: effectiveness vs availability/ feasibility
• Reposition assets, task # 7.2: Reposition forces and systems as needed.
  • OP 1.1.2 Conduct intratheater deployment and redeployment of forces within theater of operations/JOA
• Perform transition, task # 7.3: Plan and conduct the transition of activities to follow-on forces or civil authorities.
  • OP 4.7.4 Plan and transition to civil authorities
• Determine reconstitution requirements, task # 7.4: Determine what retraining, etc., is needed to reconstitute the forces.
  • ST 4.2.3 Reconstitute theater forces

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