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Topic: Operations Other Than War (OOTW)

Dr. Dean S. Hartley III

Operations Other Than War (OOTW) includes all military operations other than combat and garrison activities. Related terms are Low Intensity Conflict (LIC), Irregular Warfare (IW), Stability and Support Operations (SASO), Global War on Terror (GWOT), and Stability, Security, Transition and Reconstruction (SSTR) operations. In order to understand the nature of these operations, variables beyond attrition are needed. The most prevalent characterization is Diplomatic, Information, Military, Economic (DIME) / Political, Military, Economic, Social, Infrastructure, Information (PMESII), where the PMESII variables describe the state of the situation and the DIME variables identify the actions that can be taken to affect the situation. In some circles this is known as Human Social and Cultural Behavior (HSCB).

Select one of the links below.

• US Pacific Command (USPACOM): Defined conceptual model to address geo-political decisions reflecting psychological and sociological responses to the decisions by the various individuals and groups in the decision environment. Discussed the model as invited speaker to AMORS III in Bangkok, Thailand (see link in SO/LIC project below).

• USPACOM: This project involved defining the requirements for analytical tools to support OOTW (see link in the PA&E project below).

• Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), Program Analysis & Evaluation (PA&E): This project involved defining the Joint Warfare Simulation (JWARS) support for OOTW, as JWARS itself was being defined, comparing this support with the OOTW requirements for analytical tool support, and making recommendations.

• Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (OASD), Special Operations / Low Intensity Conflict (SO/LIC): This project involved defining the analysis requirements for Costing OOTWs, designing forces for OOTWs, simulating the impacts of events in OOTWs, and making recommendations.

• USPACOM: This project involved a gathering of experts in predicting national instabilities.

• Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO): This project involved specifying the architecture for and creating an OOTW Toolbox.

• Internal Research & Development: This project involved creating a tracking tool for OOTWs, the Interim Static Stability Model (ISSM). The ISSM was upgraded to the Interim Semi-static Stability Model , a full scale DIME/PMESII tool. A brief description of the ISSM model is also included.

• NATO Code of Best Practice (COBP) for Command and Control Assessment: This project involved participating in the NATO SAS-026 Panel to enhance the existing COBP by considering OOTW.

• Military Operations Research Society (MORS): One project involved chairing a working group of a workshop on the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). A second project involved co-chair of a working group on Analyzing the Impact of Emerging Societies on National Security. The third project involved chairing a working group on Understanding the Consequences of Catastrophic Events.

• Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA): As part of a team, created a VV&A Methodology for Conflict Modeling, Planning and Outcome Experimentation (COMPOEX), a DIME/PMESII simulation, including novel methods to support rapid validation under conditions of model changes and novel methods to support causal tracing.

• Naval Research Laboratory (NRL): This project involved providing advice on DIME/PMESII tools.

• National Defense University (NDU): This project involved chairing a working group on DIME/PMESII tools and verification & validation in a HSCB Workshop, co-chairing the Synthesis Working Group in the second workshop, co-chairing the Synthesis Working Group in the first data workshop, and writing and editing the proceedings.

• Internal Research & Development: This project involved creating a support tool for the Verification, Validation & Accreditation (VV&A) or DIME/PMESII models, the DIME/PMESII VV&A Tool. This tool keeps the records for conceptual model validation, static model verification & validation, data verification & validation, formal (dynamic) testing, and creation of accreditation certificates.

• Internal Research & Development: Created a website to support a Community of Interest (COI) for DIME/PMESII, HSCB, and IW modeling.

• CERDEC Intelligence and Information Warfare (I²WD): V&V of the HSCB Testbed: this project involved prototype Verification & Validation of the HSCB Testbed.

• US Army TRAC: IW Metric Ontology: this work consisted of creating an ontology of the metrics for modeling Irregular Warfare (IW).

• IR&D: Created a Total Ontology of the elements needed for modeling Irregular Warfare (IW).

• US Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM): Performed the initial validation of the DEXES-II conceptual model of the first version of the Deployable Exercise Simulation II (DEXES-II).

• Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL): Participated in the GLENS project to develop the National Operational Environment Model (NOEM) by adding Human, Social, Cultural Behavior (HSCB) modeling and aiding in the V&V of the results.

• US Army TRAC: IW Metric Ontology 2: this work consisted of improving the ontology of Irregular Warfare (IW).

• IR&D: Researched Cognitive Superiority and produced a book on the subject.

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HARTLEY CONSULTING Solving Complex Operational and Organizational Problems Dr. Dean S. Hartley III, Principal